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Pyzo is a free and open-source computing environment based on Python. If you're used to e.g. Matlab, Pyzo can be considered a free alternative.Pyzo is a Python IDE that works with any Python interpreter installed on your system, including Conda environments. The IDE is aimed at interactivity and simplicity, and consists of an editor, a shell, and a set of tools to help the programmer in. EduPython includes a module dedicated to numerical and formal computation, another for database processing and two others designed to help in game making and music.
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Pythons: Python 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, PyPy3
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Platforms: Linux and Windows
PyPI package name: pytest
Documentation as PDF: download latest
pytest is a framework that makes building simple and scalable tests easy. Tests are expressive and readable—no boilerplate code required. Get started in minutes with a small unit test or complex functional test for your application or library.
Install pytest¶
Run the following command in your command line:
Check that you installed the correct version:
Create your first test¶
Create a simple test function with just four lines of code:
That's it. You can now execute the test function:
The [100%] refers to the overall progress of running all test cases. After it finishes, pytest then shows a failure report because func(3) does not return 5.
Note
You can use the assert statement to verify test expectations. pytest's Advanced assertion introspection will intelligently report intermediate values of the assert expression so you can avoid the many names of JUnit legacy methods.
Run multiple tests¶
pytest will run all files of the form test_*.py or *_test.py in the current directory and its subdirectories. More generally, it follows standard test discovery rules.
Assert that a certain exception is raised¶
Use the raises helper to assert that some code raises an exception:
Execute the test function with 'quiet' reporting mode:
Note
The -q/--quiet flag keeps the output brief in this and following examples.
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Group multiple tests in a class¶
Once you develop multiple tests, you may want to group them into a class. pytest makes it easy to create a class containing more than one test:
pytest discovers all tests following its Conventions for Python test discovery, so it finds both test_ prefixed functions. There is no need to subclass anything, but make sure to prefix your class with Test otherwise the class will be skipped. We can simply run the module by passing its filename:
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The first test passed and the second failed. You can easily see the intermediate values in the assertion to help you understand the reason for the failure.
Grouping tests in classes can be beneficial for the following reasons:
Test organization
Sharing fixtures for tests only in that particular class
Applying marks at the class level and having them implicitly apply to all tests
Something to be aware of when grouping tests inside classes is that each test has a unique instance of the class.Having each test share the same class instance would be very detrimental to test isolation and would promote poor test practices.This is outlined below:
Request a unique temporary directory for functional tests¶
pytest provides Builtin fixtures/function arguments to request arbitrary resources, like a unique temporary directory:
List the name tmpdir in the test function signature and pytest will lookup and call a fixture factory to create the resource before performing the test function call. Before the test runs, pytest creates a unique-per-test-invocation temporary directory:
More info on tmpdir handling is available at Temporary directories and files.
Find out what kind of builtin pytest fixtures exist with the command:
Note that this command omits fixtures with leading _ unless the -v option is added.
Continue reading¶
Check out additional pytest resources to help you customize tests for your unique workflow:
'Calling pytest through python -m pytest' for command line invocation examples
'Using pytest with an existing test suite' for working with pre-existing tests
'Marking test functions with attributes' for information on the
pytest.markmechanism'pytest fixtures: explicit, modular, scalable' for providing a functional baseline to your tests
'Writing plugins' for managing and writing plugins
'Good Integration Practices' for virtualenv and test layouts
